Influence of non-osteoporotic treatments in patients on active anti-osteoporotic therapy: evidence from the OSTEOMED registry.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of different non-osteoporotic drugs on the increase or decrease in the risk of incident fragility fractures (vertebral, humerus or hip) in a cohort of patients diagnosed with osteoporosis on active anti-osteoporotic therapy. METHODS: For this retrospective longitudinal study, baseline and follow-up data on prescribed non-osteoporotic treatments and the occurrence of vertebral, humerus or hip fractures in 993 patients from the OSTEOMED registry were analyzed using logistic regression models. The drugs evaluated with a possible beneficial effect were thiazides and statins, while the drugs evaluated with a possible harmful effect were antiandrogens, aromatase inhibitors, proton pump inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, benzodiazepines, GnRH agonists, thyroid hormones, and oral and inhaled corticosteroids. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses indicated that no treatment significantly improved fracture risk, with the only treatments that significantly worsened fracture risk being letrozole (OR = 0.18, p-value = 0.03) and oral corticosteroids at doses ≤ 5 mg/day (OR = 0.16, p-value = 0.03) and > 5 mg/day (OR = 0.27, p-value = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The potential beneficial or detrimental effects of the different drugs evaluated on fracture risk are masked by treatment with anabolic or antiresorptive drugs that have a more potent action on bone metabolism, with two exceptions: letrozole and oral corticosteroids. These findings may have important clinical implications, as patients receiving these treatments are not fully protected by bisphosphonates, which may imply the need for more potent anti-osteoporotic drugs such as denosumab or teriparatide.

Comorbidity and osteoporotic fracture: approach through predictive modeling techniques using the OSTEOMED registry.

PURPOSE: To examine the response to anti-osteoporotic treatment, considered as incident fragility fractures after a minimum follow-up of 1 year, according to sex, age, and number of comorbidities of the patients. METHODS: For this retrospective observational study, data from baseline and follow-up visits on the number of comorbidities, prescribed anti-osteoporotic treatment and vertebral, humerus or hip fractures in 993 patients from the OSTEOMED registry were analyzed using logistic regression and an artificial network model. RESULTS: Logistic regression showed that the probability of reducing fractures for each anti-osteoporotic treatment considered was independent of sex, age, and the number of comorbidities, increasing significantly only in males taking vitamin D (OR = 7.918), patients without comorbidities taking vitamin D (OR = 4.197) and patients with ≥ 3 comorbidities taking calcium (OR = 9.412). Logistic regression correctly classified 96% of patients (Hosmer-Lemeshow = 0.492) compared with the artificial neural network model, which correctly classified 95% of patients (AUC = 0.6). CONCLUSION: In general, sex, age and the number of comorbidities did not influence the likelihood that a given anti-osteoporotic treatment improved the risk of incident fragility fractures after 1 year, but this appeared to increase when patients had been treated with risedronate, strontium or teriparatide. The two models used classified patients similarly, but predicted differently in terms of the probability of improvement, with logistic regression being the better fit.

Analysis of the structure and factorial invariance of the multidimensional environmental concern scale (mecs) / Análisis de la estructura e invarianza factorial de la Escala Multidimensional de Ambientalismo (EMA)

BACKGROUND: Most studies focused on measuring environmental attitudes consider a one-dimension measure of pro/anti-environmentalism, such as NEP scale. Nevertheless, more recent research has shown that it seems more adequate to use a multidimensional approach when assessing complex relations among people and the natural environment, particularly on cultural basis. This paper aims to test the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Environmental Concern Scale (MECS) and, in particular, its factorial invariance. METHOD: Two studies were conducted. The first one assessed factorial invariance using two different approaches (multiple group confirmatory factor analysis - MGCFA, and alignment method) in a sample of 907 undergraduate students from Argentina, India, and Spain. A second study was conducted with 557 adults from Mexico and Spain, which also evaluated the criterion validity of the MECS' scores. RESULTS: The results obtained allowed to assure an acceptable degree of invariance of the MECS among all countries, and in terms of gender (Studies 1 and 2), age and education level (Study 2). CONCLUSIONS: Results provide support for a multidimensional approach when studying the environmental concern, showing that the environmentalism presents different associations depending on the analysed country. A deep analysis on different conceptualization of environmentalism will be promoted

ANTECEDENTES: la mayoría de los estudios que miden actitudes ambientales utilizan una medida unidimensional de pro/anti-ambientalismo como la escala NPE. Sin embargo, investigaciones recientes han mostrado la adecuación de enfoques multidimensionales al medir las relaciones complejas entre las personas y el entorno natural, particularmente sobre una base cultural. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo probar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Multidimensional de Ambientalismo (EMA) y, en particular, su invarianza factorial. MÉTODO: se realizaron dos estudios. El primero evaluó la invarianza a través de dos enfoques diferentes (análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo y método de alineamiento) en una muestra de 907 estudiantes universitarios de Argentina, India y España. El segundo estudio, llevado a cabo en México y España con 557 adultos de la población general, evaluó además la validez de criterio sobre las puntuaciones obtenidas con la EMA. RESULTADOS: se obtiene un nivel de invarianza aceptable de la EMA entre los países considerados y según género (estudios 1 y 2), edad y nivel educativo (estudio 2). CONCLUSIONES: los resultados apoyan un enfoque multidimensional de las actitudes ambientales, mostrando que el interés ambiental presenta distintas asociaciones según el país analizado. Ello permitirá estudiar en profundidad las diferentes conceptualizaciones del ambientalismo

Analysis of the structure and factorial invariance of the Multidimensional Environmental Concern Scale (MECS).

BACKGROUND: Most studies focused on measuring environmental attitudes consider a one-dimension measure of pro/anti-environmentalism, such as NEP scale. Nevertheless, more recent research has shown that it seems more adequate to use a multidimensional approach when assessing complex relations among people and the natural environment, particularly on cultural basis. This paper aims to test the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Environmental Concern Scale (MECS) and, in particular, its factorial invariance. METHOD: Two studies were conducted. The first one assessed factorial invariance using two different approaches (multiple group confirmatory factor analysis - MGCFA, and alignment method) in a sample of 907 undergraduate students from Argentina, India, and Spain. A second study was conducted with 557 adults from Mexico and Spain, which also evaluated the criterion validity of the MECS' scores. RESULTS: The results obtained allowed to assure an acceptable degree of invariance of the MECS among all countries, and in terms of gender (Studies 1 and 2), age and education level (Study 2). CONCLUSIONS: Results provide support for a multidimensional approach when studying the environmental concern, showing that the environmentalism presents different associations depending on the analysed country. A deep analysis on different conceptualization of environmentalism will be promoted.

Retos para afrontar el cambio climático: análisis de la percepción del riesgo de inundación ante riadas / Challenges to deal with climate change: analysis of flash flood risk perception

El cambio climático requiere en la actualidad del diseño de estrategias que mitiguen los daños en la vida cotidiana de las personas. Una de sus consecuencias más visibles en la península ibérica son las inundaciones, cuya frecuencia e impacto social y económico han aumentado en las últimas décadas. Ello ha llevado a un cambio de paradigma en la gestión del riesgo de inundación en el que la dimensión social adquiere mayor relevancia. En este trabajo se revisan los desarrollos teóricos y empíricos sobre los principales procesos psicológicos relacionados con el riesgo de inundación, enfatizando las aportaciones realizadas desde la Psicología Ambiental, con un objetivo doble. Por un lado, construir un marco conceptual apropiado para el análisis de este riesgo y, por otro, dotar a los profesionales de los recursos prácticos necesarios para hacer frente a problemas que requieran de una intervención psicosocio-ambiental

Climate change requires the designing of strategies that mitigate the damage to people's daily life. One of the most notable consequences of climate change in the Iberian Peninsula is flooding, the frequency and social and economic impact of which have increased in recent decades. As a result, a change of paradigm in flood risk management has been identified, with the social dimension of the disasters acquiring more importance. This paper presents a review of the theoretical and empirical approaches in relation to flood risk, emphasizing the contributions made in the field of environmental psychology. Two main objectives are pursued: to build an appropriate conceptual framework for the analysis of flood risk and to provide professionals in this field with the necessary practical resources to face problems that require psycho-socioenvironmental intervention

Preocupación y conducta ecológica responsable en estudiantes universitarios: estudio comparativo entre estudiantes chilenos y españoles / Environmental concern and ecological responsible behavior in university students: A comparative analysis between Chilean and Spanish students

Se discutirán los resultados de un estudio piloto, que forma parte de un proyecto mayor, orientado al análisis transcultural de la preocupación ambiental y su relación con la conducta ecológica. El propósito de este artículo es mostrar los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación del instrumento creado en España para probarlo en la realidad chilena, donde no se contaba con un instrumento pertinente que evaluara estos factores a nivel local. El método contempla la comparación de los resultados entre estudiantes chilenos (n=88) y españoles (n=149), a quienes se les aplica un cuestionario de conducta y preocupación ambiental. Los resultados indican diferencias entre ambos grupos, los cuales se analizan en función del modelo de conceptualización multidimensional de la preocupación por el medio ambiente manifestada en cuatro tipologías actitudinales: apático, antropocéntrico, conectado y afinidad emocional (Amérigo et al., 2012). Se considera, de igual forma, el papel importante de las variables culturales y psicosociales involucradas en los resultados. En las conclusiones se describe la importancia de contar con instrumentos que permitan iniciar estudios en el contexto chileno en el área, considerando los factores contextuales, como la agudización de la crisis ambiental en el país, la preocupación ciudadana sobre la situación y la necesidad de realizar estudios transculturales para seguir profundizando en el conocimiento de la temática a nivel mundial

As part of a pilot study aimed at the transcultural analysis of environmental concern and its relationship with ecological behavior, a questionnaire assessing these was developed in Spain, and tested in Spain and in Chile. Chilean (n=88) and Spanish (n=149) students filled out the questionnaire. The results were analysed according to the model of multidimensional conceptualisation of concern for the environment manifested in 4 types of attitude: apathetic, anthropocentric, connected and emotional affinity (Amérigo et al., 2012). Results differed between the two groups, and cultural and psychosocial variables appear to play a significant role in this. This suggest that it is important to have instruments that facilitate environmental studies in the Chilean context, and to take contextual factors (such as the exacerbation of the country's environmental crisis and citizens’ concern about the situation) into account in such studies. Transcultural studies are key to deepening our understanding of the subject at the worldwide level

Bio-psycho-social correlates of the perceived crowding in different contexts / Correlatos bio-psico-sociales del hacinamiento percibido en diferentes contextos

BACKGROUND: This paper analyzes the experience of crowding through a biopsychosocial approach to human behavior which empirically joins different dimensions that the literature has analyzed separately. The main aim consists of identifying factors involved in perceived crowding from (a) the emotional response and affective meaning (BIO dimension); (b) the perception of psychological well-being and personality traits (PSYCHO dimension), and (c) sociodemographic characteristics (SOCIO dimension). METHOD: 761 adults completed an online questionnaire that included an assessment of images representing four high- and low-density functional and residential contexts. The data were analyzed through four hierarchical regressions, one for each spatial context. RESULTS: Although the results vary depending on the contexts analyzed, the prevalence of the variables from the BIO dimension in functional contexts, as opposed to residential contexts, is highlighted. The latter spaces show greater heterogeneity regarding the explanatory power of the experience of crowding. CONCLUSIONS: The response to crowding experienced in residential environments shows a greater range of variables involved, supporting the idea of these spaces' greater complexity, insofar as they are psychologically adaptive

ANTECEDENTES: esta investigación analiza la experiencia de hacinamiento mediante una perspectiva bio-psico-social del comportamiento humano que contemple distintas dimensiones que la literatura ha analizado empíricamente de forma independiente. El objetivo principal consiste en identificar factores implicados en el hacinamiento percibido provenientes de: a) la respuesta emocional y el significado afectivo (dimensión BIO); b) la percepción del bienestar psicológico y los rasgos de personalidad (dimensión PSICO); y c) las características sociodemográficas (dimensión SOCIO). MÉTODO: 761 adultos respondieron a un cuestionario online que incluía la evaluación de imágenes representativas de cuatro contextos funcionales y residenciales de alta y baja densidad. Los datos fueron analizados a través de cuatro regresiones jerárquicas, una por cada contexto espacial. RESULTADOS: aunque los resultados varían en función de los contextos analizados, cabe destacar la prevalencia de variables provenientes de la dimensión BIO en contextos funcionales frente a los residenciales. Estos últimos muestran mayor heterogeneidad en la capacidad explicativa de la experiencia de hacinamiento. CONCLUSIONES: la respuesta a la experiencia del ambiente en los espacios residenciales muestra una mayor amplitud de variables implicadas en la vivencia, percepción y adaptación a estos entornos, reforzando la idea de una mayor complejidad de estos espacios, en tanto que psicológicamente adaptativos

Bio-psycho-social correlates of the perceived crowding in different contexts.

BACKGROUND: This paper analyzes the experience of crowding through a biopsychosocial approach to human behavior which empirically joins different dimensions that the literature has analyzed separately. The main aim consists of identifying factors involved in perceived crowding from (a) the emotional response and affective meaning (BIO dimension); (b) the perception of psychological well-being and personality traits (PSYCHO dimension), and (c) sociodemographic characteristics (SOCIO dimension). METHOD: 761 adults completed an online questionnaire that included an assessment of images representing four high- and low-density functional and residential contexts. The data were analyzed through four hierarchical regressions, one for each spatial context. RESULTS: Although the results vary depending on the contexts analyzed, the prevalence of the variables from the BIO dimension in functional contexts, as opposed to residential contexts, is highlighted. The latter spaces show greater heterogeneity regarding the explanatory power of the experience of crowding. CONCLUSIONS: The response to crowding experienced in residential environments shows a greater range of variables involved, supporting the idea of these spaces’ greater complexity, insofar as they are psychologically adaptive.

Affective assessment of high and low-density residential and functional environments / Valoración afectiva de ambientes residenciales y funcionales de alta y baja densidad

This paper contrasts high and low-density residential and functional environments through an assessment of the pleasure and arousal said environments elicit. The relationships between these affective dimensions and a measure of emotional well-being and personality traits are also explored. Two hundred thirty-eight university students assessed the degree of pleasure and arousal elicited by a series of images depicting high and lowdensity residential and functional environments. The findings clearly reveal that residential environments produce more pleasurable feelings than functional spaces, regardless of their density. However, as regards arousal, the feelings produced by residential and functional environments vary on depending on their density. It concludes that residential environments are more adaptable environments in terms of emotional well-being

El presente trabajo contrasta ambientes residenciales versus funcionales de alta y baja densidad a través de la valoración del agrado y la activación que dichos ambientes elicitan. Así mismo se exploran las relaciones entre estas dimensiones afectivas y una medida de bienestar emocional y rasgos de personalidad. 238 estudiantes universitarios valoraron el nivel de agrado y activación elicitado por una serie de imágenes que representaban ambientes residenciales y funcionales de alta y baja densidad. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que, independientemente de la densidad, los ambientes residenciales generan sentimientos más agradables que los espacios funcionales; no obstante, y en relación con la activación, los sentimientos generados por ambientes residenciales y funcionales, varían en función de la densidad. Se concluye que los ambientes residenciales se constituyen en entornos más adaptativos en términos de bienestar emocional

Actitudes y comportamiento hacia el medio ambiente natural. Salud medioambiental y bienestar emocional / Attitudes and Behavior towards Natural Environment. Environmental Health and Psychological Well-Being

La naturaleza ha sido un elemento ampliamente omitido en la literatura sobre bienestar emocional. La escasa investigación al respecto ha estado centrada en los efectos beneficiosos del contacto con la naturaleza, pero no en cómo las actitudes y conductas hacia el medio ambiente se asocian a un mayor o menor bienestar emocional. La presente investigación tiene el objetivo de llenar este vacío, analizando las relaciones entre las actitudes ambientales y la conducta proambiental autoinformada con el bienestar emocional. Los resultados obtenidos con una muestra de 320 estudiantes universitarios, ponen de manifiesto que pensar y comportarse proambientalmente no solo favorece al medio ambiente, sino que redunda en un mayor bienestar emocional. Se discuten algunas implicaciones en las actitudes antropocéntricas y sus relaciones con medidas de bienestar emocional.

The natural environment has largely been overlooked by research into subjective well-being. The few studies to have addressed the issue have focused on the beneficial effects of contact with nature, but have not looked at how attitudes and behaviours towards the natural environment are related to subjective well-being. The present paper seeks to fill this gap through the analysis of the relationships between environmental attitudes and self-reported ecological behaviours, and subjective well-being. The results obtained from a sample of 320 university students show that to think and behave pro environmentally is not only good for the natural environment but also leads directly to higher levels of subjective well-being. Some implications regarding anthropocentric attitudes and how they relate to subjective well-being are discussed.

Beta-blocker use is associated with fragility fractures in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: An association between cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis is described. A number of drugs often used by patients with coronary heart disease, such as thiazides, statins and beta-blockers, have shown controversial effects on bone. 1) To study the possible association between coronary heart disease (CHD) and bone mass density (BMD), quantitative ultrasound measurements (QUS) and the prevalence of fragility and vertebral fractures. 2) To study the possible influence of a number of drugs, statins, thiazides and beta-blockers, on BMD and fractures. METHODS: Case-control study performed on 74 postmenopausal women who had recently suffered from CHD, and 111 age-matched controls. BMD was measured by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine and proximal femur. Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) was also measured at the heel. Vertebral fractures were diagnosed by lateral, thoracic and lumbar X-rays. The occurrence of non-vertebral fractures was determined by examination of medical records. RESULTS: Patients with CHD had higher values of BMI. They had a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and consequently higher consumption of beta-blockers and statins, but not of thiazides, and had lower alcohol consumption. Patients with CHD had higher BMD values, measured by DXA at the proximal femur, than controls, but there were no differences in DXA values at the lumbar spine or QUS at the heel between the two groups. The prevalence of all fragility factures was slightly higher in patients with CHD, but not to a significant extent. The prevalence of vertebral fractures was similar in the two groups. In a logistic analysis to identify factors associated with all fractures, beta-blockers were positively associated with fragility fractures, and DXA at the femoral neck was inversely associated with fragility fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal women with CHD have higher values of BMD at the proximal femur but, despite this, show a slight but non-significant increase in the prevalence of fragility fractures. Beta-blockers are independently associated with fragility fractures, but thiazides and statins are not.

Perception of personal identity at home.

This study aims to discover whether observers with the same cultural background as the inhabitant of a bedroom perceive common characteristics among the inhabitants. The study was carried out with 107 females who were asked to assess the inhabitants of eight bedrooms. Several slides of each bedroom were shown to participants and they had to choose from a list of seventy-six characteristics those that defined the resident of each bedroom. Results revealed that socio-demographic variables thus attributed coincided with the profiles of the inhabitants. A correspondence analysis brought to light a dimension linked to affective aspects, which was more prominent among women; whereas among men the characteristics thus attributed were more linked to practical aspects and to difficulties for social interaction. A second study was conducted to determine whether gender stereotype had any influence on the result of the previous study. The outcomes showed that this stereotype did not have any effect on the participants' judgments.

Perception of personal identity at home / Percepción de la identidad personal en el hogar

This study aims to discover whether observers with the same cultural background as the inhabitant of a bedroom perceive common characteristics among the inhabitants. The study was carried out with 107 females who were asked to assess the inhabitants of eight bedrooms. Several slides of each bedroom were shown to participants and they had to choose from a list of seventy-six characteristics those that defined the resident of each bedroom. Results revealed that socio-demographic variables thus attributed coincided with the profiles of the inhabitants. A correspondence analysis brought to light a dimension linked to affective aspects, which was more prominent among women; whereas among men the characteristics thus attributed were more linked to practical aspects and to difficulties for social interaction. A second study was conducted to determine whether gender stereotype had any influence on the result of the previous study. The outcomes showed that this stereotype did not have any effect on the participants’ judgments (AU)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo descubrir si observadores con el mismo background cultural que el habitante de un dormitorio perciben características comunes entre los habitantes de dichos dormitorios. El estudio se llevó a cabo con 107 mujeres, a las que se les pidió que evaluaran a los habitantes de ocho habitaciones. Varias diapositivas de cada habitación se mostraron a los participantes y éstos tenían que elegir de una lista de 76 adjetivos aquellos que mejor definían a los residentes de cada habitación. Los resultados revelaron que las variables sociodemográficas que se les atribuía coincidían con los perfiles de los habitantes. Además, un análisis de correspondencias permitió observar que a las mujeres residentes se les atribuía en mayor medida una dimensión vinculada a los aspectos afectivos, mientras que a los hombres residentes se les atribuía características relacionadas con los aspectos prácticos y las dificultades de interacción. En un segundo estudio llevado a cabo con 132 estudiantes mujeres se muestra que el estereotipo de género no resulta relevante para a la hora de considerar los resultados del primer estudio(AU)

Underlying dimensions of ecocentric and anthropocentric environmental beliefs.

This study focuses on the cognitive components of general environmental attitudes. Taking as a starting point the scale of Thompson and Barton (1994) to identify ecocentric and anthropocentric motives in environmental conservation, the beliefs that guide attitudes in the person-environment relationship are analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to contrast the tripartite structure of these beliefs--based on egoistic, socioaltruistic, and biospheric aspects-with a two-dimensional structure that confronts ecocentric and anthropocentric orientations. The results obtained from two samples, a student sample (n = 212) and a sample from the general population of Madrid (n = 205), indicate the existence of a three-dimensional structure of environmental beliefs: an anthropocentric dimension based on the instrumental value of the environment for human beings, a biospheric dimension that values the environment for its own sake, and, lastly, an egobiocentric dimension that values the human being within nature as a whole.

Underlying dimensions of ecocentric and anthropocentric environmental beliefs

This study focuses on the cognitive components of general environmental attitudes. Taking as a starting point the scale of Thompson and Barton (1994) to identify ecocentric and anthropocentric motives in environmental conservation, the beliefs that guide attitudes in the person-environment relationship are analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to contrast the tripartite structure of these beliefs -based on egoistic, socio altruistic, and biospheric aspects- with a two-dimensional structure that confronts ecocentric and anthropocentric orientations. The results obtained from two samples, a student sample (n = 212) and a sample from the general population of Madrid (n= 205), indicate the existence of a three-dimensional structure of environmental beliefs: an anthropocentric dimension based on the instrumental value of the environment for human beings, a biospheric dimension that values the environment for its own sake, and, lastly, an egobiocentric dimension that values the human being within nature as a whole (AU)

La presente investigación está centrada en los componentes cognitivos de las actitudes generales hacia el medio ambiente. Partiendo de la escala utilizada por Thompson y Barton (1994) para identificar motivos ecocéntricos y antropocéntricos en la conservación medioambiental, se analizan las creencias que orientan la relación individuo-medio ambiente. Mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio se contrasta una estructura tripartita de estas creencias basada en dimensiones egoístas, socioaltruistas y biosféricas con una estructura bidimensional en la que se enfrentan una orientación ecocéntrica y una orientación antropocéntrica. Los resultados obtenidos con dos muestras, una de estudiantes (n = 212) y otra extraída de la población general de la ciudad de Madrid (n = 205), apuntan hacia la existencia de una estructura de tres dimensiones de las creencias ambientales: una dimensión antropocéntrica vinculada al valor instrumental del medio ambiente para el ser humano; una dimensión biosférica que contempla el medio ambiente por el valor intrínseco de éste y, finalmente, una dimensión egobiocéntrica que valora al ser humano en la naturaleza (AU)

La estructura de las creencias sobre la problemática medioambiental / The structure of beliefs about environmental concern

La presente investigación analiza las creencias que orientan la relación individuo-medio ambiente, hipotetizando que éstas se organizan en una estructura tripartita, según que el énfasis se ponga en el propio sujeto (egoísmo), en los seres humanos (socioaltruismo) o en la biosfera (biosferismo). Esta estructura se contrasta con otros enfoques bidimensionales donde se enfrentan una orientación ecocéntrica y una antropocéntrica. Los resultados obtenidos con una muestra de estudiantes (N= 212) apuntan hacia la existencia de una estructura bidimensional de las creencias ambientales: una dimensión antropocéntrica vinculada a las consecuencias que el deterioro medioambiental tiene para uno mismo y para el ser humano en general y al valor instrumental del medio ambiente; y una dimensión ecocéntrica que valora las consecuencias del daño medioambiental para los elementos no humanos del planeta y que contempla el medio ambiente por su valor intrínseco

In this study beliefs about the relationship between the individual and his/her natural environment are analysed and it is hypothesised that these beliefs are organised in a three-dimensional structure, according to the emphasis placed within the relationship on: self (egoism), human beings in general (socioaltruism) and the Biosphere (biospherism). This structure is compared with other works that defend a bidimensional structure of anthropocentricity versus ecocentricity. Results based on a student sample (N= 212) indicate the existence of a bidimensional structure of environmental beliefs: an anthropocentric dimension, concerned with the effects of environmental deterioration on self and human beings in general and with the instrumental value of the environment; and an ecocentric dimension which assesses the consequences of environmental deterioration for non-human elements of the planet and which considers the natural environment for its own intrinsic value

[Anti-beta 2-glycoprotein I antibodies and systemic lupus erythematosus]. / Anticuerpos anti-beta 2-glucoproteína I y lupus eritematoso sistémico.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to study the presence of anti-2-glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-2GPI) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) analyzing their relationship with anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL). PATIENTS AND METHOD: 63 patients with SLE and 54 healthy volunteers. Detection of anti-2GPI antibodies was performed by ELISA. RESULTS: 25 (40%) patients with SLE and 1 (2%) control had anti-2GPI antibodies (p < 0.001). 17 patients with aCL (43%) had anti-2GPI antibodies and 4 patients (20%) without aCL were found to have anti-2GPI antibodies (p < 0.05). There was an association between thrombosis and aCL. However, the association between thrombosis and anti-2GPI antibodies was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-2GPI antibodies are more frequent in SLE and they are more prevalent in patients with aCL. There is an association between thrombosis and aCL but no significant association between thrombosis and anti-2GPI antibodies.